Class XII
Physics Syllabus
Electric Charges: conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-force between two
point charges, forces between multiple charges; Superposition Principle and
continuous charge distribution.
Electric field, electric field due to point charge, electric field lines; electric
dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in a uniform electric
field.
Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its application to find field due
to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly
charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).
Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge,
a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential
energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic
field.
Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor.
Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination
of Capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a
capacitor. Van de Graaff generator.
Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift Velocity,
mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance,
V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), elecrical energy and power, resistivity
and conductivity.
Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel
combinations of resistors, temperature dependence of resistance.
Internal resistance of a cell, potential differance and emf of a cell, combination
of cells in series and parallel. Elementary idea of secondary cells.
Kirchhoff’s law and simple application. Wheatstone’s bridge, meter bridge.
Potentiometer-principle and its applications to measure potential difference
and for comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a
cell.
Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment.
Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.
Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and
toroidal solenoids.
Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force
between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque
experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field; moving coil
galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic
dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic
dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a
magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an
equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines. Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic
elements; para, dia and ferromagnetic substance, with examples.
Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths, permanent magnets.
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s laws, induced emf and current; Lenz’s
Law, Eddy currents, self and mutual induction.
Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance
and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit,
resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current.
AC generator and transformer.
Need for displacement current.
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only).
Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible,
ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total
internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical
surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker’s formula. Magnification, power
of a lens, Combination of thin lenses in contact, combination of a lens and
mirror. Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism.
Scattering of light-blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at
sunrise and sunset. Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation, and
accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia
and astigmatism) using lenses. Microscopes and astronomical telescopes
reflecting and refracting and their magnifying powers.
Wave optics: wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction of
plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection
and refraction using Huygen’s principle. Interferance, Young’s double slit
experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained
interferance of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
Resolving power of microscope and astronomical telescope. Polarisation, plane
polarised, light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarised light and polaroids.
Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz Lenard’s observations;
Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave
nature of particles, De Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment
(experimental detials should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained).
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr Model
levels, Hydrogen spectrum.
Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones.
Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties;
radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per
nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission and fusion.
Energy bands in solids, conductors, insulators and semiconductors;
semiconductor diode- I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode
as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener
diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction, transistor action,
characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter
configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR).
Transistor as a switch.
Elements of communication system (block diagram only); bandwidth of signals
(speech, TV and digital data); bandwidth of transmission medium. Propagation
of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, sky and space wave propagation.
Need for modulation. Production and detection of an amplitude-modulated
wave.
Physics Lessons
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Day 26
Chemistry Syllabus
General charactersitic of solid state, Amorphous and Crystalline solids,
classification of crystalline solids, crystal lattices and unit cell, Number of Atom
in a unit cell, close packed structures, Packing Efficiency, Calculation Involving
unit cell Dimensions, Imperfection in solids, Electrical and Magnetic Properties.
Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in
liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties –
relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of boiling point,
depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular
masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, van’t Hoff factor
and calculations involving it
Electrochemical cells, Galvanic cells, Nernst Equation, Conductance of
Electrolytic Solutions, Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis, Batteries, Fuel cells
and corosion.
Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of
reaction : concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of
reactions; rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and
half-life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory
(elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), Activation energy, Arrhenious
equation.
Adsorption – physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting
adsorption of gases on solids; catalysis : homogeneous and heterogeneous,
activity and selectivity : enzyme catalysis; colloidal state; distinction among
true solutions, colloidal solutions and suspensions; lyophilic, lyophobic,
multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall
effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation; emulsion-elements
idea of nano materials.
Principles and method of extraction – concentration, oxidation, reduction
, Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy, Electrochemical principles of
Metallurgy and refining, uses of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.
Group 15 elements : Dinitrogen , Ammonia, Oxides of Nitrogen, Nitric
Acid, phosphorus Allotropic Forms, Phosphine, Phosphorus Halides, oxo
acid of phosphorus.
Group 16 elements : Dioxygen, Simple oxides ozone, sulphur Allotopic
Forms, Sulphur Dioxides, Oxoacids of sulphur, Sulphuric acid.
Group 17 elements : Chlorine, Hydrogen chloride, oxoacids of
halogens, Interhalogen compounds.
Group 18 elements : General introduction, electronic configuration.
Occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurence and
characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row
transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic
radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds,
alloy formation.
Lanthanoids – electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical
reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.
Actinoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison
with lanthanoids.
Some application d- and f- Block elements.
Werner’s Theory of co-ordination Compound, Difinition of some
importnat terms pertaining to Co-ordincation Compounds, Nomenclature of
Co-ordination compouds, isomerism in co-ordination compounds, Bonding
in metal carbonyl, stability of co-ordination compounds and importance and
application of co-ordination compounds.
Haloalkanes : Classification, Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond,
Method of preparation of Haloalkanes, physical and chemical properties,
mechanism of substitution reactions. Stability of carbocations, R-S and D-L
configurations.
Haloarenes : Nature of C-X bond, method of preparation of
Haloarenes substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for mono
substituted compounds only, stability of carbocations R-S and D-L
configurations) Uses and environmental effects of- dichloromethane,
trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons DDT.
Classification, Nomenclature structures of functional groups,
preparations, properties and reaction of alcohol and phenols. Preparation,
Physical properties and chemical reactions of Ethers.
Nomenclature and structure of carboyl group, preparation of aldehydes
and ketones, physical properties and chemical reactions, uses of aldehydes and ketones. Nomenclature and structure of carboxyl groups – Methods of
Preparation of Carboxyclic acids, physical properties and chemical reactions,
uses of carboxylic acids.
Structure of Amines, classification and nomenclature of amines,
preparation of amines, physical properties and chemical reactions, Methods
and preparation of diazonium salts , physical properties, chemical reactions
and its importance in synthesis of aromatic compounds.
Carbohydrates : Structure of glucose and fructose, disaccharides,
polysaccharides, cellulose and importance of carbohydrates..
Protiens : Aminoacids and its classification, structure of protein and
denaturation of protein.
Enzymes : Mechanism of Enzyme action.
Vitamins : Classification and Importance of Vitamins.
Nucleic acids : Chemical compostion, function of nucleic acids.
Hormones : Its functions.
Classification of polymers — types of polymerisaton reactions,
molecular mass of polymers, biodegradable polymers of commercial
importance.
Drugs and their classification, Drug-target interaction, Therapeutic action of
differrent classes of drugs, chemicals in food, cleansing agents.
Chemistry Lessons
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Day 2
Day 3
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Day 9
Day 10
Day 11
Day 12
Day 13
Day 14
Day 15
Day 16
Day 17
Day 18
Day 19
Biology Syllabus
Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species.
Modes of reproduction-Asexual and sexual.
Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in flowering Plants
Flower; Pre-fertilisation: Structures and Events; Pollination-types, agencies and
examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post
fertilisation: structures and Events; Development of endosperm & embryo;
Development of seed and formation of seed; Fruit formation; Parthenocarpy, apomixis
and polyembryony.
Chapter 3: Human Reproduction
Male andfemale Reproductive systems; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis;
Menstrual cycle; Fertilization and Implantation; Pregnancy and Embryonic
development; Parturition and Lactation.
Chapter 4: Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health – problems and strategies; Population Explosion and Birth
control; Medical termination of Pregnancy; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Infertility
and Assisted reproductive technologies- assisted reproductive technologies – IVF,
ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).
Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism: Incomplete dominance,
Co-dominance, Multiple allelism; Chromosomal theory of Inheritance; Linkage and
Recombination; Polygenic Inheritance; Pleiotropy; Sex Determination- in birds, humans
and honey bee; Mutation; Pedigree analysis; Genetic Disorders: Mendelian disorders
–Colour blindness,Haemophilia,sickle-cell anaemia, phenylketonuria, Thalassemia;
Chromosomal Disorders – Down’s syndrome, klinefelter’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome.
Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Structure of DNA and RNA; Packaging of DNA; The search for genetic material;
RNA world; DNA Replication; Transcription; Genetic code; Translation; Regulation
of Gene Expression; Human genome Project; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter 7: Evolution
Origin of Life; Evolution of Life Forms; Evidences for Evolution; Adaptive radiation;
Biological Evolution; Mechanism of Evolution; Hardy- Weinberg Principle; A brief
account of evolution; Origin and Evolution of Man.
UNIT VIII: Biology and Human Welfare (35 Periods)
Chapter 8: Human Health and Disease
Common Diseases in Humans (typhoid, pneumonia, commoncold, malaria, amoebiasis,
ascariasis, filariasis, ring worm);
Immunity (Innate, Acquired, Active and passive Immunity, Vaccination and Immunisation, Allergy,
Auto Immunity); Immune System in the body;
AIDS, Cancer, Drugs and Alcohol Abuse.
Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in food Production
Animal Husbandry; Animal Breeding; Bee Keeping; Fisheries; Plant Breeding; Single
Cell Protein; Tissue culture.
Chapter 10: Microbes in Human welfare
Microbes in Household Products, Industrial Products,Sewage Treatment, and
Production of biogas;
Microbes as Biocontrol agents and Biofertilisers.
Chapter 8: Human Health and Disease
Common Diseases in Humans (typhoid, pneumonia, commoncold, malaria, amoebiasis,
ascariasis, filariasis, ring worm);
Immunity (Innate, Acquired, Active and passive Immunity, Vaccination and Immunisation, Allergy,
Auto Immunity); Immune System in the body;
AIDS, Cancer, Drugs and Alcohol Abuse.
Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in food Production
Animal Husbandry; Animal Breeding; Bee Keeping; Fisheries; Plant Breeding; Single
Cell Protein; Tissue culture.
Chapter 10: Microbes in Human welfare
Microbes in Household Products, Industrial Products,Sewage Treatment, and
Production of biogas;
Microbes as Biocontrol agents and Biofertilisers.
Chapter 11: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Principles of Biotechnology; Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology; Process of
Recombinant DNA Technology.
Chapter 12: Biotechnology and Its Application
Biotechnological Applications in agriculture (GMO and Bt cotton) and medicine (genetically
engineered insulin, gene therapy, molecular diagnosis);
Transgenic animals; Ethical Issues.
Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations
Organisms and its environment:abiotic factors, response to abiotic factors,Adaptations.
Populations: Population Attributes; Population Growth,Life history variation; Population
Interactions- Predation, Competition, Parasitism, Commenselism and Mutualism.
Chapter 14: Ecosystem
Structure and Function; Productivity; Decomposition; Energy Flow; Ecological Pyramids;
Ecological Succession; Nutrient Cycling; Ecosystem Services.
Chapter 15: Biodiversity and Conservation
Biodiversity: Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance of Species diversity to the Ecosystem;
Loss of Biodiversity;
Biodiversity Conservation.
Chapter 16:Environmental Issues
Air Pollution and Its Control; Water Pollution and Its Control; Solid Wastes; Agro –
chemicals and their Effects; Radioactive Wastes; Greenhouse effects and Global
Warming; Ozone depletion.
Degradation by Improper Resource utilization and maintenance.
Deforestation, Case Study of People’s Participation in Conservation of forests.